What happens when local governments that cannot make treaties enter into written commitments with foreign governments? To find out, Yuhei Matsuyama laboriously created a database of agreements entered into over a forty-year period between Japanese prefectures and foreign governments. He discovered a network of practical and constructive agreements, many with Japan’s neighbors, that serve the interests of local communities and also generally support national foreign policy.
From Legality to Justification
China’s new Regulation on Countering Unjustified Extraterritorial Jurisdiction by Foreign States introduces a potentially significant conceptual shift in the global debate over jurisdictional conflicts. Rather than asking only whether a foreign state’s exercise of jurisdiction is lawful under international law, the Regulation creates a further requirement: that such jurisdiction be “justified.” Zheng (Sophia) Tang writes that the “justification” standard has the potential to influence the development of customary international law.